How conservative the Japanese people really is? And the government?

They don’t have the value that “guys must be macho.”

They don’t bring around their mates everywhere, which means they don’t worry about being single, gay, or whatever because no one cares about whom others are having/ not having sex with.

I’ve heard it’s always the male side that is expected to take a move in some countries. It’s not the case in Japan.

Satellites are polluting Earth's atmosphere with heavy metals. Could refueling them in orbit help? - Space

This is a very vague question. But considering the asker’s comment on Mr. Nakajima’s answer, your interest seems to be in sex-related matters (I don’t think it’s the only indicator of conservative/ progressive, though).

In the old era, gay relationships were very common and were even praised among the privileged social classes, such as Samurai and monks.

It’s very common for a girl/ woman to ask a boy/ man to be her boyfriend.

The Roman Empire at the time of Christ kept meticulous records. Why then, is there no record of the trial of Jesus?

Moreover, buff guys are often avoided for their narcissism.

Visual-kei

They don’t have the so-called “couple culture” seen in many Western countries.

Heavily shorted AI stock is rapidly climbing the Fortune 500 - TheStreet

We don’t instantly tie it with sex when a father and his very young daughter are taking a bath together.

They were very similar to the bromance of today but accompanied by sexual intercourse.

How do you see these below?

NASA raises the odds that an asteroid could hit the moon in 2032 - Space

They don’t tease or beat up cross-dressed people on the road.

“None of my business” is the common attitude.

Yaoi

Why do some people hesitate to say 'I love you' even after their partners have said it first? How can one interpret this behavior from their loved ones?

I sometimes feel people from the West are obsessed with those “gender” and “sex” things too much. Let’s think about something else sometimes. It’s unhealthy.